The human stomach is responsible for taking in food and breaking it down so that the small intestine is able to absorb essential nutrients. Whether it’s a meticulously prepared meal, a modest snack, or an occasional indulgence, the stomach ensures the efficient extraction of sustenance for the body’s nourishment and well-being. The stomach achieves this goal through gastric juice, made up of different digestive enzymes and other substances essential to digestion.
Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (or GERD), is a digestive disorder characterized by the backward flow of these gastric juices and stomach acid into the esophagus. This occurs due to a weakened or dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach.
LES normally acts as a barrier, preventing the backward flow of stomach acid. However, when the muscle is weakened or relaxes inappropriately the stomach acid will be allowed to reflux into the esophagus.
The primary symptoms of acid reflux include:
- Heartburn: A burning sensation or discomfort in the chest, often after eating or while lying down.
- Regurgitation: The backflow of stomach acid or food into the throat or mouth, resulting in a sour or bitter taste.
Other symptoms that may accompany acid reflux include:
- Chest pain: This can sometimes mimic the symptoms of a heart attack, but it is usually a sharp, burning pain.
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): A sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest
- Chronic cough: A persistent cough that may be worse at night or upon waking up.
- Hoarseness or sore throat: Irritation and inflammation of the throat caused by acid reflux reaching the voice box.
- Asthma symptoms: Acid reflux can trigger or worsen asthma symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath.
There are also several factors can contribute to the development of acid reflux, including:
- Hiatal hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity through the diaphragm, weakening the LES.
- Obesity: Excess weight can put pressure on the abdomen, leading to increased reflux.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased pressure on the stomach during pregnancy can cause acid reflux symptoms.
- Certain foods and beverages: Spicy or fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, citrus fruits, tomatoes, and chocolate can trigger or worsen acid reflux symptoms.
Treatment for acid reflux may involve lifestyle modifications, some of which can be discussed at your primary care office. This includes things such as dietary changes, weight loss, and avoiding triggers in medication. Prescription drugs like antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and H2 blockers can help reduce stomach acid production and alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, surgical interventions may be considered to strengthen the LES and prevent reflux.
It is highly recommended that you consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. To discuss symptoms and a treatment plan for GERD contact your primary care physician if you are experiencing any of the aforementioned symptoms. Our physician Dr. Makkani at Katy-Fulshear Internal Medicine can help. Call (346) 500-5342 or use our online form to schedule an appointment.
